Conclusion: Humic Acids function in the treatment of viral diseases.
Title: Medical aspects and applications of humic substances
Type of Document: Webpage
Takeaway: Research indicates that Humic Acids functions both prophylactically as well as therapeutically in the treatment of viral diseases.
Link: Medical Aspects and Applications of Humic Substances
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Conclusion: Humic acid and chemically similar polymers possess antiviral properties.
Title: Anti-HSV-1 activity of synthetic humic acid-like polymers derived from p-diphenolic starting compounds.
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: The results of this study identify the consistent antiviral properties of naturally occurring humic acid (HA) and synthetic o- and p-diphenol-derived HA-like polymers suggesting a common fundamental principle of the underlying chemical structure.
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid addition in water sources reduces viral load in the water.
Title: Influence of humic substances on bacterial and viral dynamics in freshwaters
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: These results are in agreement with our findings in the laboratory, where virus counts were significantly lower in treatments with fulvic acid additions than in a control (mean, 67.4% +/- 6.5% of the control). Virus counts did not differ significantly among the control and treatments with glucose, indicating that it was the type of organic carbon and not quantity which had an impact on viruses. Results from this study suggest that the way viruses control bacterial assemblages in humic lakes is different from the mechanism in clear water systems.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15294823/
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Conclusion: Humic acid prevents influenza virus from multiplying.
Title: In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of synthetic humate analogues derived from protocatechuic acid.
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Two humic-like substances,the oxidative polymer of protocatechuic acid (OP-PCA) and humic acid inhibit the in vitro replication of influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations of no cytotoxicity. The OP-PCA inhibits virus-induced hemagglutination and low pH-induced cell–cell fusion. Humic acid inhibits the endonuclease activity of viral RNA polymerase.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11890523
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid inactivates many strains of the influenza virus.
Title: Genetic diversity-independent neutralization of pandemic viruses (e.g. HIV), potentially pandemic (e.g. H5N1 strain of influenza) and carcinogenic (e.g. HBV and HCV) viruses and possible agents of bioterrorism (variola) by enveloped virus neutralizing compounds (EVNCs).
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Recently, both fulvic acid and pomegranate juice have been shown to inactivate genetically diverse strains of influenza including H5N1, further confirming the broad spectrum nature of these agents.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.008
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Conclusion: Humic acid is an effective antiviral agent.
Title: “Medical Aspects and Applications of Humic Substances” Regarding the Antiviral Activity of Humic Substance.
Type of Document: Webpage
Takeaway: Humic Acid is first a preventative, because it interferes with a virus’ ability to attach to a host cell, penetrate the host cell, and reproduce itself. Scientific studies have demonstrated that if a host cell is penetrated before the introduction of the Humic Acid, the viral reproductive process within the host cell is not halted. HOWEVER, if one has potentially infected cells (i.e. those with chronic viral infections) and Humic Acid is present, once the host cell releases the new viruses into the bloodstream the Humic Acid helps prevent the new generation(s) of viruses from attaching to the cell wall, hijacking the DNA or RNA and reproducing, effectively lowering the body’s viral load over time and hence its therapeutic function for active viral infections.
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Conclusion: Humic acids show antiviral activity against the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
Title: Interaction of humic acids and humic-acid-like polymers with herpes simplex virus type 1
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: This finding speaks in favour of the formation of antivirally active structures during the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds and, indirectly, of corresponding structural parts in different HA-type substances.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1007/BFb0010491
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid compositions administered orally or topically can help treat inflammation, microbial infections, acne and eczema.
Title: Fulvic acid and its use in the treatment of viral infections
Type of Document: Patent
Takeaway: A pharmaceutical composition comprising fulvic acid, salt, ester or derivative thereof as active agent is disclosed. The composition is preferably administered orally or topically for treating a condition in a human or animal. The condition may, for example, be inflammation, acne, eczema or bacterial or fungal or viral infections.
Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1698333A1/en
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid may be useful for the treatment or prevention of allergic diseases.
Title: Inhibitory Effect of Fulvic Acid Extracted from Canadian Sphagnum Peat on Chemical Mediator Release by RBL-2H3 and KU812 Cells
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Results show that CP-FA may be useful for the treatment or prevention of allergic diseases.
Link: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/advpub/0/advpub_60702/_article/-char/ja/
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Conclusion: Humic acid has anti-influenza virus activity.
Title: In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of synthetic humate analogues derived from protocatechuic acid.
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Two humic-like substances, the oxidative polymer of protocatechuic acid (OP-PCA) and humic acid inhibit the in vitro replication of influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations of no cytotoxicity. In spite of structural resemblance of these two compounds, they exhibit different actions of anti-flu. The OP-PCA inhibits virus-induced hemagglutination and low pH-induced cell-cell fusion. Humic acid inhibits the endonuclease activity of viral RNA polymerase.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11890523
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Conclusion: Humic acids have antiviral activity against the herpes simplex virus type 1.
Title: Interaction of humic acids and humic-acid-like polymers with herpes simplex virus type 1
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Humic acid (HA)-like polymers, i.e. the oxidation products of caffeic acid (KOP), hydrocaffeic acid (HYKOP), chlorogenic acid (CHOP), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPOP), nordihydroguaretic acid (NOROP), gentisinic acid (GENOP), pyrogallol (PYROP) and gallic acid (GALOP), generally inhibit virus multiplication, although with different potency and selectivity. Of the substances tested, GENOP, KOP, 3,4-DHPOP and HYKOP with MEC values in the range of 2 to 10 ug/ml, proved to be the most potent HSV-1 inhibitors. Despite its lower antiviral potency (MEC 40 gg/ml), CHOP has a remarkable selectivity due to the high concentration of this polymer that is tolerated by the host cells (>640 ug/ml). As a rule, the antiviral activity of the synthetic compounds was restricted to the polymers and was not preformed in the low-molecular-weight basic compounds.
Link: https://www.serravit.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Interaction-of-humic-acids-and-humic-acid-like-polymers-with-herpes-simplex-virus-type-1.pdf
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Conclusion: Synthetic humic acid-like compound may prevent HIV infection.
Title: Inhibition of HIV-1 in Cell Culture by Synthetic Humate Analogues Derived From Hydroquinone: Mechanism of Inhibition
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Data suggest that the synthetic humic acid analogue inhibits the infectivity of HIV particles by interference with a V3 loop-mediated step of virus entry.
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Conclusion: Shilajit has antiviral activity against several viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2.
Title: In vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of Shilajit and investigation of its mechanisms of action
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Shilajit exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against HSV1, HSV2, HCMV, and RSV infectivity in vitro (EC50 values: 31.08 μg/ml, 12.85 μg/ml, 34.54 μg/ml, and 30.35 μg/ml, respectively), but was inactive against HRV and VSV. Humic acid, a constituent of Shilajit, displayed the same spectrum of activity. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the antiviral activity of Shilajit. The results of the present study demonstrate that Shilajit is endowed with broad, yet specific, antiviral activity in vitro and constitutes a natural source of antiviral substances.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874115001634?via%3Dihub
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Conclusion: Humic acid may inhibit hepatitis B virus activity in liver cells.
Title: Humic acid inhibits HBV-induced autophagosome formation and induces apoptosis in HBV-transfected Hep G2 cells
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Humic acid (HA) induced apoptosis and inhibited Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-induced autophagosome formation and proliferation in hepatoma cells.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052648/
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid has anti-influenza virus activity.
Title: In Vitro Analysis of the Anti-influenza Virus Activity of Pomegranate Products and Fulvic Acid
Type of Document: Masters thesis
Takeaway: Our finding demonstrates rapid anti-influenza virus activity in Pomegranate PPs and the Fulvic Acid.
Link: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/527/
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Conclusion: Humic acid-like polymers have anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity.
Title: Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity of Humic Acid-Like Polymers and Their O-Diphenolic Starting Compounds
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Functional group analysis revealed that the presence of carboxylic groups in the starting humic acid-like polymer compounds enhanced the antiviral activity and reduced the cytotoxicity of polymers.
Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/095632029700800310
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Conclusion: Multi-herbal compositions containing Shilajit have antiviral and immune-stimulating properties.
Title: Polyherbal compositions and methods for treating viral infections
Type of Document: Patent
Takeaway: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical or veterinary or nutritional compositions of polyherbal extracts useful as anti-viral or immune-supporting agents. Particularly, the present invention of polyherbal composition comprises of extracts of Withania somnifera, Mangifera indica and purified Shilajit. This cost effective immune-supporting agent is ideal for use during the maintenance phase of the treatment, following an initial viral load reduction phase in which it is used as an adjuvant to conventional anti-viral drug therapy. The anti-viral and immune-supporting composition of this invention can perhaps be the sole basis of treatment where affordability is an issue. Additionally, this composition is used for the treatment, prevention or management of immune-supporting system in primates in need, especially humans.
Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7250181B2/en
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Conclusion: Humic substances possess antiviral activity against HIV and Herpes Simplex Type 1 virus.
Title: Antiviral activity of extracts of basidiomycetes and humic compounds substances against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus 1) and Herpes Simplex Virus (Herpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Human alphaherpesvirus 1)
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: It was shown that extracts of basidiomycetes and humic compounds (HS) have antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HSV-1. EC 50 (50%-effective concentration) for HIV-1 was 3.7–5.0 mcg/ml, selectivity index 28–35. Antiherpetic activity was detected at a dose of 50–100 mcg/ml. The presence of antiviral activity of melanin and HS in relation to the RNA-containing HIV-1 virus and DNA-containing HSV-1 virus in our study coincides with the results of a number of authors in relation to influenza viruses, herpes virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, Coxsackievirus, smallpox vaccine virus, which suggests that the type of nucleic acid in the virus does not play a fundamental role in the antiviral action of these drugs. It is also clear that HS is effective against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
Link: https://virusjour.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/437?locale=en_US
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Conclusion: Fulvic acids may have antiviral properties against Herpes, hepatitis and HIV.
Title: Fulvic Acids and Viral Infections
Type of Document: Conference Proceedings
Takeaway: This paper presents the associated effect of fulvic acids ingestion by rats and mice, substantially increasing their T (total) and G immunoglobulins (IgT, IgG) production, which explains the empirical and preliminary, yet not less spectacular results than those obtained by tests in preventing epidemic viral infections in cattle and poultry, and as an effective agent in treating human viral infections such as herpes Zoster, hepatitis and HIV. As a conclusion, these scarce and partial results suggest the necessity to initiate a large, and quite reliable medical protocol, not available at the present time.
Link: https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOPROCJ-3-2-24
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Conclusion: Humic acids have antibacterial and antiviral properties.
Title: Humic substances: compounds of still unknown structure: applications in agriculture, industry, environment, and biomedicine
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Antibacterial and antiviral properties of humic substances represent new possibilities for their medical application. Of great interest is that hospital studies show that difficult viral respiratory illnesses common in children are readily resolved with fulvic acid dietary supplementation.
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Conclusion: Iodine-V, containing fulvic acid, may help reduce the transmission of the COVID-19-causing virus.
Title: Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: This study evaluated the virucidal activity of the aqueous solution of Iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in Essential Iodine Drops (EID) with 200 μg elemental iodine/ml content against SARS-CoV-2 to ascertain whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I. Substantial reductions in LRV by Iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that Iodine-V in EID is effective at inactivating the virus in vitro and therefore suggesting its potential application intranasally to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.
Link: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0254341
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Conclusion: Humic acids inhibit the multiplication of HIV viruses.
Title: Selective Inhibitory Activity of Polyhydroxycarboxylates Derived from Phenolic Compounds Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: In conclusion, polydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds (PDP compounds) can be considered as a new type of polyhydroxycarboxylates that are effective in inhibiting the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Note that the PDP compounds that showed antiviral activity in this study included those derived from gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, hydrocaffeic acid, etc., all of which are humic acids.
Link: https://journals.lww.com/jaids/abstract/1991/07000/selective_inhibitory_activity_of.5.aspx
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Conclusion: Humic acids inhibit the multiplication of Herpes Simplex Virus and cytomegalovirus.
Title: Poly(hydroxy)carboxylates as selective inhibitors of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus replication
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: In conclusion, poly(hydroxy)carboxylates with a sufficiently high molecular weight and number of carboxylic groups are effective in inhibiting cytomegalovirus (CMV) infectivity. They block the first step in the virus replicative cycle, i.e. virus adsorption to the cells, probably by interacting with positively charged domains of the viral envelope glycoproteins that are necessary for attachment of the virus particles to the cell surface. Note that the poly(hydroxy)carboxylates that showed antiviral activity in this study included those derived from gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, hydrocaffeic acid, etc., all of which are humic acids.
Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/095632029200300404
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Conclusion: Humate shows antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus.
Title: Antiviral properties of humic acids
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Ammonium humate alone was not cytotoxic but possessed marked antiviral activity (against Coxsackie virus A9). At 3 days 224 ug/ml resulted in 75% inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effects, but in order to achieve the same level of inhibition at 6 days 562 ug/ml were required; the dose-response relationship was linear. With regard to the effect on yield of virus there was again a linear relationship between dose and response. At 100 ug/ml ammonium humate the yield of virus was about 100-fold less than in untreated infected control cultures.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1007/bf01931906
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Conclusion: Humic acids show antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity, among others.
Title: Humic acids: Structural properties and multiple functionalities for novel technological developments
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: The various functions of HAs are mainly attributable to the phenol and carboxylic acid functional groups, which allow the deprotonation of OH/OOH. This situation provides HAs with many capabilities, such as the improvement of plant growth and nutrition, complexation with heavy metals, and antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493115306123#bb0140
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Conclusion: Humic acid prevents the multiplication of the hepatitis C virus.
Title: Inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a RNA replication by extracts of medicinal herbs with anti-cholesterol effects
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Humic acid, quercetin and Cec-3 markedly inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication. In Particular, fulvic acid completely inhibited HCV RNA replication.
Link: https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/4E72CAC20739
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Conclusion: Humic acids possess anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 activity.
Title: Anti-HSV-1 activity of synthetic humic acid-like polymers derived from p-diphenolic starting compounds
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: The results of the present study identify the consistent antiviral properties of naturally occurring HA and synthetic o- and p-diphenol-derived HA-like polymers suggesting a common fundamental principle of the underlying chemical structure.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12495212
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid could be used to topically treat oral diseases involving bacterial biofilms
Title: Investigating the biological properties of carbohydrate derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA) as a potential novel therapy for the management of oral biofilm infections
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: CHD-FA was shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with a supplementary function of being able to down-regulate inflammation. These properties offer an attractive spectrum of function from a naturally derived compound, which could be used as an alternative topical treatment strategy for oral biofilm diseases.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849008/
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Conclusion: Humic acid could be used to topically heal eruption caused by herpes infection.
Title: Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the eruption caused by herpes viruses
Type of Document: Patent
Takeaway: Pharmaceutical compositions which contain finely divided sulphur in one of the conventional pharmaceutical bases, such as cream, ointment, solution or powder, are used for the transdermal therapy of epidemic viral exanthema. To increase the efficacy, the invention proposes adding to the pharmaceutical compositions containing colloidal sulphur in addition potassium or sodium sulphide as well as humic acid or corresponding proportions of mud or mud extract. Transdermal use of this therapeutic agent activated according to the invention brings about a considerable slowing down of the recurrence of the herpes vesicles, besides rapid healing.
Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/DE3830333C1/en?oq=DE3830333
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Conclusion: Synthetic humic acid could be used to reduce virus content from blood.
Title: Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon
Type of Document: Patent
Takeaway: This patent offers a method of producing a humic-acid-like polymeric material that can reduce the amount of virus in blood product by contacting said blood product with an antiviral amount of the material. The resultant phenolic polymers exhibit physicochemical properties strongly resembling those of typical commercially-available natural soil extracts (humic substances). The materials are active anti-viral and anti-microbial agents, and are effective in anti-viral amounts in blood product compositions, in methods for reducing or eliminating virus in blood products and in anti-viral and anti-microbial compositions for treating or preventing human or animal viral or microbial diseases.