Conclusion: Humic acids, fulvic acids, and Shilajit may protect against intestinal injury.
Title: Protection against Gluten-mediated Tight Junction Injury with a Novel Lignite Extract Supplement
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Naturally-oxidized lignite extracts including shilajit, humic acids and fulvic acids have been used as dietary supplements to deliver soil-based minerals and amino acids in China and India for hundreds of years.
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Conclusion: Humic Acids in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Title: Protection against Gluten-mediated Tight Junction Injury with a Novel Lignite Extract Supplement
Type of Document: Randomised Controlled Trial
Takeaway: Concludes that humic acids offer significant benefits in both agriculture and animal health due to their unique chemical properties. These benefits include improved soil health, enhanced plant growth, better animal gastrointestinal health
Link: https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.005359.php
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Conclusion: Lignite extract supplement may protect against intestinal injury
Title: Protective Effects of Lignite Extract Supplement on Intestinal Barrier Function in Glyphosate-Mediated Tight Junction Injury
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: The lignite extract supplement RESTORE blocked a glyphosate-dependent decrease in TEER in both cell lines. If found efficacious in clinical trials, RESTORE could prove helpful in combating intestinal sensitivities caused by glyphosate mediated tight junction disruption.
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Conclusion: Humic acids increase the population of beneficial gut bacteria.
Title: Impact of humic acids on the colonic microbiome in healthy volunteers
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Humic acids have a profound effect on healthy colonic microbiome and may be potentially interesting substances for the development of drugs that control the innate colonic microbiome.
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Conclusion: Shilajit boosts energy and acts as a detoxifying agent.
Title: Shilajit: A Humic Matter Panacea for Cancer
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: Shilajit has been used for the treatment of hypersensitivity, diabetes, digestive disorder, nervous ailment, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, anemia,eczema, bone fractures, genitourinary ailment and many other diseases. Fulvic acid is the main constituent of Shilajit and along with FA and HA it also contains minerals in ionic form. These minerals are transported to cells and tissues by fulvic acid, which maintains the electric potential of the cells of the body and thus possibly prevents its death, provides longevity and might act as a rejuvenator. It helps in metabolism and energy production in the body. It can also act as a detoxifying agent in the body and can function as an immunomodulator and helps in haematopoiesis.
Link: https://www.academia.edu/5999580/Shilajit_A_Humic_Matter_Panacea_for_Cancer
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid can improve gut microbiota and nutrient absorption, and heal gut disorders.
Title: Therapeutic Potential of Fulvic Acid in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Diabetes
Type of Document: Peer-reviewed journal article
Takeaway: In agriculture, fulvic acid (FA) has been shown to influence the soil microbe composition and be able to conjugate itself to various minerals, aiding in the uptake in plants. As a result, FA is suggested to improve the gut flora, nutrient absorption, and heal adverse disorders related to the gut.
Link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2018/5391014/
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid regulates gut health.
Title: Humic substances as a potent biomaterials for therapeutic and drug delivery system-a review
Type of Document: Review article
Takeaway: Immune modulating property of fulvic acid influence the redox state, and affect gut health.
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Conclusion: Fulvic and humic acids show therapeutic effects against gut health problems such as diarrhea, dysentery, and colitis.
Title: Medical drugs from humus matter: Focus on mumie.
Type of Document: Review article
Takeaway: With respect to internal use, fulvic and humic acids have been shown to be particularly useful in therapy for gastritis, diarrhea, stomach ulcers (antiulcerogenic and antistress activity), dysentery, colitis, and diabetes mellitus.
Link: https://sci-hub.se/10.1002/ddr.10058
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Takeaway: Humic/Fulvic acid-containing shilajit can prevent gastrointestinal ulcer formation.
Antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory studies with shilajit
Type of Article: Original research
Summary: Pretreatment with shilajit (100 mg/kg, twice daily, 3 days, administered orally) protected against stress- and aspirin-induced gastric ulceration (in rats); also reduced the incidence of cysteamine- and histamine-induced duodenal ulcers (in rats and guinea pigs).
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037887419090102Y?via%3Dihub
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Takeaway: Humic/Fulvic acid-containing shilajit can reduce the severity of gastric ulcer formation.
The need for formulation of Shilajit by its isolated active constituents.
Type of Article: Original research
Summary: Shilajit (50 mg/kg weight of the animal, for 4 days, administered orally) decreased the severity of stress- and aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in rats by reducing the volume of gastric acid secretion.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.2650050505
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Takeaway: Humic acids can improve intestinal morphology.
Performance and ileal histomorphology of rats treated with humic acid preparations
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Farmagülatör® (an organic humic acid preparation; 2.5 g/kg of the feed for dry formulation; 3.5 mL/L of the drinking water; ad libitum oral administration; 10 and 20 days) increased villus height, crypt depth, epithelial mass, and hydroxyproline content in the ileum in rats.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15379912/
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Takeaway: Humic substances may contribute to the reduction of IBS symptoms.
Prescript-Assist TM Probiotic-Prebiotic Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Methodologically Oriented, 2-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Study
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Prescript-Assist™ probiotic-prebiotic complex, containing soil-based microorganisms (probiotic component) and leonardite, a complex of humic substances (prebiotic component), reduced inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms (nausea, indigestion/flatulence, colitis) in a randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical trial.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.06.005
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Takeaway: Fulvic acids may contribute to the reduction of functional gastrointestinal disorder symptoms.
Efficacy of Probiotics and Nutrients in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Preliminary Clinical Trial
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Ionic plant-based minerals (fulvic acids) in combination with probiotics and barley grass and oat grass juice reduced symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (indigestion, bloating, and abdominal discomfort) in humans in a randomized controlled trial.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1007/s10620-006-9297-8
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Takeaway: Humic substances may contribute to the reduction of IBS symptoms.
Prescript-Assist™ Probiotic-Prebiotic Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Open-Label, Partially Controlled, 1-Year Extension of a Previously Published Controlled Clinical Trial
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Prescript-Assist™ probiotic-prebiotic complex, containing soil-based microorganisms (probiotic component) and leonardite, a complex of humic substances (prebiotic component) reduced IBS symptoms in the short term (2-4 weeks) as well as the long term (~60 weeks) in humans in a partially controlled clinical trial.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.06.010
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Takeaway: Humic/fulvic containing shilajit may play a role in protecting against gastric ulcers.
Evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of NR-ANX-C (a polyherbal formulation) in aspirin & pyloric ligature induced gastric ulcers in albino rats
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: NR-ANX-C, a polyherbal formulation containing Withania somnifera 17% (aqueous extract of root: withanolides 2% w/w), Ocimum sanctum 17% (70% alcohol extract of leaves: ursolic acid 3% w/w), Camellia sinensis 33% (70% alcohol extract of leaves: total polyphenols 60% w/w), triphala 25% (aqueous extract: total tannin 34% w/w) and shilajit 8% (aqueous extract: fulvic acid 53% w/w; humic acid 17% w/w), protected against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats by decreasing gastric acidity and secretion volume.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20716823/
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Takeaway: Humic acids may help in the reduction of infection-triggered diarrhoea.
Prophylaxis of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets by zinc oxide and sodium humate
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Sodium humate and zinc oxide (20 g sodium humate + 1.0, 1.5, or 1.7 g per kg of diet; fed partly ad libitum twice a day; 3 weeks) decreased E.coli-induced diarrhoea in pigs.
Link: https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/159329.pdf
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Takeaway: Fulvic acid can improve gut microbiota profile.
Effects of Biotechnologically Produced Fulvic Acid on Nutritional Status and Health Indicators of Sprague-Dawley Rats
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Biotechnologically produced fulvic acid (produced by fermentation of wood, wheat bran, and soyabean meal by lactobacilli, bacilli, and/or yeast) increased lactobacillus population (beneficial bacteria) and reduced E. coli population (harmful bacteria) in the rat caecum in case of fulvic acid produced by lactobacillus fermentation and mixed microbial fermentation.
Link: https://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Effects-of-Biotechnologically-Produced-Fulvic-Acid/20/1/2117/html
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Takeaway: Fulvic acid may help in the reduction of diarrhoea.
Antidiarrhoeal mechanism study of fulvic acids based on molecular weight fractionation
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Fulvic acid and its fractions (low and high molecular weights; 200 and 400 mg/kg of fulvic acid and its fractions, administered orally, twice a day for three days) exhibited anti-diarrhoeal activity (which increased with decreasing molecular weight) in a chemically-induced mouse diarrhoea model.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367326X19312882
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Takeaway: Humic- and fulvic-acid-containing mumie reduces aspirin-induced gastric lesions.
Gastroprotective effects of mumie on aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Mumie (which contains humic and fulvic acids alongside mineral components; 600 mg/kg weight of the animal, administered orally once) decreased the number and area of gastric lesions caused by aspirin in rats.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1007/s00580-019-02947-6
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Takeaway: Humic acid may improve gut microbiota profile.
Performance, Fermentation Characteristics and Composition of the Microbiome in the Digest of Piglets Kept on a Feed With Humic Acid-Rich Peat
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Humic acid-rich peat reduced acetic and propionic acid content as well as total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in pig caecum and colon. Moderate peat supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes in the caecal and colonic contents but differences were not statistically significant.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/10.3389/fvets.2019.00029
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Takeaway: Humic acid may protect the intestinal barrier against toxins.
Effect of some feed-additives on the growth performance, physiological response and histopathological changes of rabbits subjected to ochratoxin-A feed contamination
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: In a study conducted in rabbits, humic acid (0.2% humic acids in diet) protected the intestinal barrier against the toxic effects of Ochratoxin-A by reducing villus atrophy and the degree of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wael-Morsy/publication/344753613_FFECT_OF_SOME_FEED-ADDITIVES_ON_THE_GROWTH_PERFORMANCE_PHYSIOLOGICAL_RESPONSE_AND_HISTOPATHOLOGICAL_CHANGES_OF_RABBITS_SUBJECTED_TO_OCHRATOXIN-A_FEED_CONTAMINATION/links/63627107431b1f5300647902/FFECT-OF-SOME-FEED-ADDITIVES-ON-THE-GROWTH-PERFORMANCE-PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE-AND-HISTOPATHOLOGICAL-CHANGES-OF-RABBITS-SUBJECTED-TO-OCHRATOXIN-A-FEED-CONTAMINATION.pdf
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Takeaway: Humic acids may improve intestinal morphology.
The Influence of Feed-Supplementation with Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617 and Alginite on Intestinal Microenvironment of SPF Mice Infected with Salmonella Typhimurium CCM 7205
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: In a mouse study, alginate (which contains humic acids) alone increased the villus area and perimeter in jejunum and ileum compared to controls; alginate + probiotic supplementation to Salmonella typhimurium infection group ameliorated the harmful effects of infection on jejunum and ileum villi.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6541571/
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Takeaway: Fulvic acid may improve intestinal barrier integrity and prevent harmful changes in the gut microbiota.
Novel Organic Mineral Complex Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Changes in the Gut and Liver of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: In a rat study, a proprietary soil-derived organic mineral complex, containing fulvic acids and minerals, increased the expression of small intestine tight junction protein occludin and prevented unfavourable changes in gut microbiota profile due to high-fat diet consumption.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768589/
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Takeaway: Humic acid can decrease diarrhoea and protect the intestinal barrier.
The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Humic Acid Sodium and Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Immune Status and Antioxidant Capacity of Weaned Piglets
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: A pig study investigated the effect of sodium humate on growth performance, diarrhea rate, antioxidative, inflammation, and immunity of weaned piglets. The obtained results indicate that sodium humate reduces stress, protects the intestinal barrier, and decreases post-weaning diarrhea.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696352/
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Takeaway: Humic acids can improve gut microbiota profile and intestinal morphology.
Productive performance, lipid profile and caecum microbial counts of growing rabbits treated with humic acid
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Humic acid supplementation in rabbits increased organic matter digestibility; decreased E.coli and total bacterial population in the caecum; and increased villus height, intestinal musculosa thickness and villus-to-crypt ratio.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340177377_Productive_performance_lipid_profile_and_caecum_microbial_counts_of_growing_rabbits_treated_with_humic_acid
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Takeaway: Sodium humate may help decrease diarrhoea and improve gut microbiota profile.
Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Sodium humate and glutamine supplementation (1, 3, and 5% sodium humate + 1% glutamine in milk replacer or water; 100 mL; twice a day; 21 days) in cows decreased diarrhoea and improved gut microbiota profile.
Link: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-593416/v1.pdf
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Takeaway: Humic acid can improve gut microbiota profile and reduce diarrhoea.
Effects of sodium humate and glutamine combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned calves
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Supplementation with 5% sodium humate or 5% sodium humate + 1% glutamine (in 100 mL water; once daily; 14 days) in cows decreased diarrhoea and improved gut microbiota profile.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/10.1111/asj.13584
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Takeaway: Humic/fulvic acids may decrease aspirin-induced gastric lesions.
Treatment effects of Shilajit on aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Shilajit extract (containing fulvic and humic acids; 600 mg/kg weight of the animal, administered orally once a day for 4 days post aspirin administration) in rats decreased aspirin-induced gastric lesions (in both number and size).
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020045/
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Takeaway: Humic acid can reduce ulcer-related gastric damage and inflammation.
Humic Acid Has Protective Effect on Gastric Ulcer by Alleviating Inflammation in Rats
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Humic acid administration in rats (50 mg/kg animal weight of humic acid administered once; treatment lasted only for 90 min) reduced proinflammatory cytokines and prevented damage to the gastric mucosa in an experimental gastric ulcer model.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358106445_Humic_Acid_Has_Protective_Effect_on_Gastric_Ulcer_by_Alleviating_Inflammation_in_Rats
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Takeaway: Fulvic acid can prevent stress-induced damage to the stomach.
Effect of fulvic acid on gastric mucosa damage caused by chronic water avoidance stress
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Fulvic acid (Pahokee peat fulvic acid standard; 150 mg/kg fulvic acid injected intraperitoneally once per day) administration in rats prevented oxidative damage caused by chronic stress in the stomach epithelium and connective tissue.
Link: https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10520295.2021.1926541
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Takeaway: Humic acid may repair intestinal damage caused by E. coli and improve the gut microbiota profile.
Sodium Humate Alleviates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Dysfunction via Alteration of Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Mice
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Sodium humate (0.2 mL of 5% sodium humate administered orally once a day for 12 days) administration in mice ameliorated pathological injury caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the jejunum and colon; repaired the intestinal mucosa and boosted epithelial integrity; and improved gut microbiota profile.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8992542/
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Takeaway: Humic acid may reduce diarrhoea incidence and improve gut bacteria profile.
Influence of Sodium Humate on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Blood Parameters, and Fecal Microflora of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Sodium humate administration (1, 3, and 5% sodium humate in milk or milk replacer; 100 mL; twice a day; 53 days) in cows decreased the incidence of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves, and increased the populations of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus bacteria in the gut.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8749607/
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Takeaway: Humic acid may improve gut microbiota profile and intestinal barrier function, and protect against enteritis.
Sodium Humate-Derived Gut Microbiota Ameliorates Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium in Mice
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: In a mouse study, sodium humate improved intestinal barrier function by improving the gut microbiota profile; downregulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathways; increased tight junction protein expression; and ameliorated Salmonella typhimurium-induced enteritis.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10269575/
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Takeaway: Humic acids can relieve colitis symptoms and improve gut morphology and microbiota profile.
Humic acids alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by positively modulating gut microbiota
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Humic acid administration (0.4% humic acids administered in drinking water for 7 days) in mice ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis symptoms; restored intestinal morphology; and improved gut microbiota profile.
Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147110/full
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Takeaway: Humic acid can improve gut morphology and relieve the negative gut effects of certain toxins.
Humic acids alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic injury by reprogramming gut microbiota and absorbing toxin
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Humic acid administration (0.4% humic acids administered in drinking water for 54 days) in mice increased small intestinal villus height; and restored intestinal permeability that was disrupted by the food toxin Aflatoxin B1.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323005559
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Takeaway: Humic acid can protect the gut mucosa and microbiota against toxin-induced harms.
Sodium humate alleviates LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury by improving intestinal immune function and regulating gut microbiota
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Sodium humate administration in mice upregulated mucin and tight junction proteins and protected the jejunum mucosa against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury. It also countered gut microbiota disturbance caused by LPS.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0161589023001542
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Takeaway: Oxihumate may protect the stomach against aflatoxin-induced harms.
In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Humic Acid as an Aflatoxin Binder in Broiler Chickens
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: Oxihumate administration in broiler chickens showed protective effects against liver damage, stomach and heart enlargement, as well as some of the hematological and serum biochemical changes associated with aflatoxin toxicity. Results indicated that oxihumate could alleviate some of the toxic effects of aflatoxin in growing broilers.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6816044_In_Vitro_and_In_Vivo_Assessment_of_Humic_Acid_as_an_Aflatoxin_Binder_in_Broiler_Chickens
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Takeaway: Fulvic acid may help maintain gut health and microbiota.
Effects of fulvic acids on gut barrier, microbial composition, fecal ammonia emission, and growth performance in broiler chickens
Type of Article: Original Research
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fulvic acid (FA) on the growth performance, intestinal function, and fecal ammonia excretion of broilers. 0.5% FA addition increased the serum IgA content, amylase, and lipase activities in the jejunum, as well as the lipase activity and mucin 2 content in the ileum. Feeding broilers with 0.15% FA increased the occludin and zonula occluden-1 content in the ileum, elevated intestinal permeability markers such as diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide, and D-lactate dehydrogenase, and further enriched functional pathways including nitrogen metabolism and riboflavin metabolism. Also, FA addition (0.15, 0.3, or 0.5%) increased the jejunum mucin 2 content and maintained the relative stability of the cecal microbiota without detrimental changes to the microbiota composition. Importantly, FA addition decreased the fecal ammonia yield on 2, 4, and 5 d of the fecal ammonia determination in a dose-dependent manner and also lowered the urease activity on 1 and 3 d. Therefore, the addition of 0.15% FA was considered the most effective in maintaining the intestinal health and microbial composition of broilers.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617122000836